Glossary
AI & Product Terms, Explained.
Plain-English definitions for the AI and product terms I use every week — built for builders, founders, and PMs who want signal without jargon.
AI
Agentic AI
An AI system that loops over a perceive-plan-act-reflect cycle, calls external tools, and adapts its next step based on prior outputs.
Fine-Tuning
The process of further training a base LLM on a specific dataset to specialize its outputs for a domain, format, or behavior.
Human-in-the-Loop (HITL)
A design pattern where a human reviews, corrects, or approves an AI system output before it is finalized or acted upon.
LLM Evaluation
The practice of measuring whether an LLM-based system output is correct, helpful, safe, and consistent — usually against a curated golden set.
Prompt Engineering
The discipline of structuring inputs to an LLM — instructions, examples, context, and constraints — to elicit reliable, high-quality outputs.
RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)
A pattern where an LLM retrieves relevant context from a knowledge base before generating a response, grounding output in source material.